Californium, Material Termahal di Bumi Melebihi Berlian

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infokimia.com – Sebagai orang awam, ketika ditanya tentang meterial apa yang paling mahal di dunia ini, kita pasti akan menjawab berlian. Nggak sepenuhnya salah sih, karena berlian memang berharga miliaran. Tapi, kalau dipandang dari sisi sains, Berlian ternyata bukanlah material yang paling mahal dunia ini. Ya, material yang paling mahal tersebut bernama Californium.

Pertama kali muncul di tahun 50an, Californium sukses menghentak banyak orang. Bukan karena fungsi dan fisiknya, melainkan karena harganya yang benar-benar nggak masuk di akal. Dilansir dari laman Thoughtc.com, Satu gram Californium, harganya bisa mencapai US $ 27 juta atau kalau dirupiahkan setara dengan Rp 378 miliar.

Dengan banderol harga yang sangat fantastis itu, Californium tercatat sebagai material paling mahal di dunia. Berlian yang selama ini selalu dianggap material termahal, ternyata pun kalah telak nilainya. Emas apalagi, dibanding Californium, logam mulia ini benar-benar nggak ada harganya.

californium material termahal di bumi melebihi emas dan berlian

Sejarah Penemuan Californium

Californium pertama kali diproduksi oleh Stanley Thompson, Kenneth Street, Albert Ghiorso dan Glenn Seaborg pada tahun 1950 di California, AS. Nama Californium diambil berdasarakan tempat diciptakannya yaitu di University of California.

Californium diisolasi dalam jumlah makro untuk pertama kalinya oleh Burris Cunningham dan Stanley Thompson pada tahun 1958 di Reaktor Pengujian Material di Arco, Idaho dengan iradiasi neutron (plutonium) yang berkepanjangan (lima tahun). Sekitar 1,2 mikrogram californium dan 0,6 mikrogram berkelium disintesis.

data unsur californium

Karakteristik Californium

Californium adalah unsur transuranium sintetik keenam dari seri aktinida. Unsur ini merupakan logam radioaktif sintetik yang tidak dapat ditemukan di alam, alias diciptakan di dalam laboratorium.  Material ini dicipta dari proses yang begitu panjang dan rumit, serta hasil yang diperoleh pun sangat sedikit. Jadi, hal inilah yang menjadi alasan utama mengapa harga Californium sangatlah mahal.

Californium ini adalah logam yang relatif lembut dan mudah dibentuk dan mudah dipotong dengan pisau cukur. Logam ini memiliki karakteristik warna putih keperakan dengan reaktivitas kimianya sedang.  Warna logam ini secara perlahan dapat memudar di udara dan berbentuk oksida pada suhu kamar.

penggunaan californium dalam bidang militer

Kegunaan Californium

Californium merupakan pemancar neutron yang sangat kuat. Awal mulanya Californium diproduksi untuk digunakan sebagai pemancar neutron, yang menyediakan neutron untuk memulai reaktor nuklir. Serta sebagai bahan target untuk memproduksi unsur sintetis lainnya seperti transcalifornium dan Ununoctium.

Seiring berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan, Californium telah digunakan dalam berbagai bidang. Dalam bidang kesehatan, Californium digunakan untuk mengobati kanker serviks. Sedangkan dalam bidang industri Californium digunakan untuk menganalisis kandungan belerang minyak bumi, pendeteksi emas dan perak dalam bijih, serta sebagai alat pengukur kelembaban neutron untuk mengukur kadar air tanah.

Namun, kegunaan terhebat dari Californium adalah dalam bidang militer. Amerika disebut-sebut sebagai negara yang aktif menggunakan californium untuk keperluan militer. Californium dapat dipergunakan untuk melengkapi alat-alat militer seperti bahan peledak, ranjau, hingga peluru.

Dampak Californium Terhadap Kesehatan

Secara umum efek yang ditimbulkan oleh Californium hampir sama seperti efek material nuklir atau radioaktif lainnya, yaitu menyebabkan radiasi. Namun, efek yang ditimbulkan Californium ini lebih dahsyat. Hal tersebut dikarenakan sifat bahannya yang mudah masuk ke dalam tubuh. Bahkan ia bisa merasuk ke dalam inti sel dalam merah serta sumsum tulang. Californium yang mengendap di dalam tubuh sangat berbahaya.

Nah, itulah pembahasan tentang Californium, Bagaimana pendapat sahabat kimia semua, adakah yang berminat mengkoleksi logam Californium ? Silakan tulis jawabannya di kolom komentar.

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